{"id":982,"date":"2024-06-28T21:25:04","date_gmt":"2024-06-28T19:25:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.libritheque.fr\/?page_id=982"},"modified":"2024-08-20T23:09:29","modified_gmt":"2024-08-20T21:09:29","slug":"choix-et-installation-dune-distribution-linux","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wp.libritheque.fr\/choix-et-installation-dune-distribution-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Choix et installation d\u2019une distribution Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"982\" class=\"elementor elementor-982\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0303c8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e0303c8\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f1ed564 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f1ed564\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 22-05-2024 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Choix et installation d\u2019une distribution Linux<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-300ecbb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"300ecbb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3caacff elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3caacff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 22-05-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-divider{--divider-border-style:none;--divider-border-width:1px;--divider-color:#0c0d0e;--divider-icon-size:20px;--divider-element-spacing:10px;--divider-pattern-height:24px;--divider-pattern-size:20px;--divider-pattern-url:none;--divider-pattern-repeat:repeat-x}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider{display:flex}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{font-size:15px;line-height:1;max-width:95%}.elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__element{margin:0 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.elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:first-of-type{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider-separator:before{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-left .elementor-divider__element{margin-left:0}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:last-of-type{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider-separator:after{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-right .elementor-divider__element{margin-right:0}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-start .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:first-of-type{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-start .elementor-divider-separator:before{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-start .elementor-divider__element{margin-inline-start:0}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-end .elementor-divider .elementor-divider-separator>.elementor-divider__svg:last-of-type{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:100}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-end .elementor-divider-separator:after{content:none}.elementor-widget-divider--element-align-end .elementor-divider__element{margin-inline-end:0}.elementor-widget-divider:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_text):not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon) .elementor-divider-separator{border-block-start:var(--divider-border-width) var(--divider-border-style) var(--divider-color)}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern{--divider-border-style:none}.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern.elementor-widget-divider--view-line .elementor-divider-separator,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:after,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not(.elementor-widget-divider--view-line) .elementor-divider-separator:before,.elementor-widget-divider--separator-type-pattern:not([class*=elementor-widget-divider--view]) .elementor-divider-separator{width:100%;min-height:var(--divider-pattern-height);-webkit-mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;mask-size:var(--divider-pattern-size) 100%;-webkit-mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);mask-repeat:var(--divider-pattern-repeat);background-color:var(--divider-color);-webkit-mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url);mask-image:var(--divider-pattern-url)}.elementor-widget-divider--no-spacing{--divider-pattern-size:auto}.elementor-widget-divider--bg-round{--divider-pattern-repeat:round}.rtl .elementor-widget-divider .elementor-divider__text{direction:rtl}.e-con-inner>.elementor-widget-divider,.e-con>.elementor-widget-divider{width:var(--container-widget-width,100%);--flex-grow:var(--container-widget-flex-grow)}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cb627a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2cb627a\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05b2591 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"05b2591\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Qu\u2019est ce qu\u2019une distribution ?<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-337c942 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"337c942\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 22-05-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\">Une <b>distribution Linux<\/b> est un ensemble coh\u00e9rent de logiciels assembl\u00e9 autour du noyau Linux\/GNU et formant un <b>syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation<\/b>. On parle de \u00abdistribution\u00bb en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au terme anglais \u00absoftware distribution\u00bb (collection de logiciels). Il existe de nombreuses distributions Linux, adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 des publics diff\u00e9rents (d\u00e9butants, exp\u00e9riment\u00e9s) ou r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 des objectifs vari\u00e9s : certaines distributions seront orient\u00e9es vers le d\u00e9veloppement, d\u2019autre vers le graphisme\u2026 Chaque distribution Linux int\u00e8gre un logiciel d\u2019installation et des outils de configuration et s\u2019appuie sur au moins un d\u00e9p\u00f4t logiciel (voir D\u00e9p\u00f4t logiciel et paquets). Si dans les ann\u00e9es 90, les premi\u00e8res distributions prenaient la forme d\u2019une dizaines de disquettes, puis ont \u00e9t\u00e9 remplac\u00e9es par des CD ou DVD, elles sont maintenant disponibles en t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement (sous la forme d\u2019une image iso) et leurs tailles se mesurent en gigaoctets. Apr\u00e8s t\u00e9l\u00e9chargement, vous devrez transf\u00e9rer cette image disque sur une clef usb en utilisant \u00ab balenaEtcher \u00bb qui la rendra \u00ab bootable \u00bb (c\u2019est \u00e0 dire qu\u2019un PC peut d\u00e9marrer \u00e0 partir de cette clef).<\/p><ul><li><p align=\"justify\">lien sur le site original (en Anglais)\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/etcher.balena.io\/#download-etcher\">https:\/\/etcher.balena.io\/#download-etcher<\/a><\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"justify\">lien en fran\u00e7ais\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lesnumeriques.com\/telecharger\/balenaetcher-53130\">https:\/\/www.lesnumeriques.com\/telecharger\/balenaetcher-53130<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p>Les diff\u00e9rents \u00e9l\u00e9ments constituant une distribution\u00a0:<\/p><ul><li><p><strong>le noyau linux<\/strong> (kernel) et les utilitaires GNU<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>un environnement de bureau<\/strong> et des utilitaires associ\u00e9s (voir \u00ab\u00a0Environnement de bureau\u00a0\u00bb)<\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"justify\"><strong>des logiciels applicatifs<\/strong> d\u2019usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral (bureautique, graphisme, acc\u00e8s internet\u2026). Parmi ces logiciels, on trouve une \u00ab boutique de logiciels \u00bb qui permettra d\u2019ajouter ais\u00e9ment les applications suppl\u00e9mentaires correspondant \u00e0 votre usage.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2572ece e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2572ece\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efde197 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"efde197\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Environnement de bureau<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a42704f elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a42704f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\">Le bureau est l\u2019interface utilisateur qui s\u2019affiche sur l\u2019\u00e9cran d\u2019un ordinateur, appel\u00e9 ainsi par analogie avec le bureau sur lequel on travaille. Il s\u2019agit de l\u2019environnement graphique comprenant des dossiers, des fichiers, une corbeille, etc. qui r\u00e9agit aux actions de l\u2019utilisateur via le clavier ou la souris (par exemple : cliquer sur une croix pour fermer une fen\u00eatre&#8230;)<\/p><p align=\"justify\">C\u2019est une interface graphique qui r\u00e9agit par rapport \u00e0 ce que l\u2019utilisateur fait avec le clavier ou la souris (ex: cliquer sur une croix pour fermer une fen\u00eatre). Ainsi un bureau constitue votre environnement de travail, sur l\u2019\u00e9cran, de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re que Windows ou macOS. Cependant, ceux de Linux sont substantiellement diff\u00e9rents.<\/p><p align=\"justify\">Les bureaux incluent un certain nombre d\u2019utilitaires (gestionnaire de fichiers, calculatrice, \u00e9diteur de texte\u2026), mais il est toujours possible d\u2019installer des utilitaires associ\u00e9s \u00e0 une autre distribution. Et certaines \u00e9quipes de d\u00e9veloppement des bureaux d\u00e9veloppent des applications (par exemple KmyMoney du bureau KDE qui existe maintenant pour tous les bureaux et m\u00eame pour Windows ou Mac.<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.malekal.com\/quest-ce-quun-environnement-de-bureau-linux\/\">https:\/\/www.malekal.com\/quest-ce-quun-environnement-de-bureau-linux\/<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.astuces-aide-informatique.info\/9084\/environnements-bureau-linux\">https:\/\/www.astuces-aide-informatique.info\/9084\/environnements-bureau-linux<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@boris.alexandre.rose\/les-bureaux-sous-linux-3221d9d4ccd6\">https:\/\/medium.com\/@boris.alexandre.rose\/les-bureaux-sous-linux-3221d9d4ccd6<\/a><\/li><li>(<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Environnement_de_bureau\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Environnement_de_bureau<\/a>)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e243815 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e243815\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0547ea7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0547ea7\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-899d150 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"899d150\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Choix d'une distribution<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cc80e4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0cc80e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.21.0 - 22-05-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1602\" height=\"1199\" src=\"https:\/\/wp.libritheque.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/linux_distros.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-992\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp.libritheque.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/linux_distros.png 1602w, https:\/\/wp.libritheque.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/linux_distros-768x575.png 768w, https:\/\/wp.libritheque.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/linux_distros-1536x1150.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1602px) 100vw, 1602px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-773bce2 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"773bce2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\">Il existe des centaines de distributions de Linux mais une dizaine d\u2019entre elles ressortent du lot en terme de diffusion et donc de popularit\u00e9. Choisir une de ces distributions assure de trouver du support sur internet. C\u2019est aussi un gage de p\u00e9rennit\u00e9. Ces distributions proposent des mises \u00e0 jour corrigeant les failles de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 d\u00e9tect\u00e9es par la communaut\u00e9.<\/p><p align=\"justify\">Vous trouverez sur internet, m\u00eame en Fran\u00e7ais de nombreux sites vous proposant des comparatifs sur les principales distributions, comme par exemple\u00a0:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.blogdumoderateur.com\/distributions-linux-systemes-exploitation\/\">https:\/\/www.blogdumoderateur.com\/distributions-linux-systemes-exploitation\/<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.codeur.com\/blog\/distributions-linux-incontournables\/\">https:\/\/www.codeur.com\/blog\/distributions-linux-incontournables\/<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.justgeek.fr\/les-meilleures-distributions-linux-107294\/\">https:\/\/www.justgeek.fr\/les-meilleures-distributions-linux-107294\/<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p align=\"justify\">Si vous pratiquez l\u2019Anglais (au moins sa lecture!) le site \u00ab\u00a0distrowatch\u00a0\u00bb est tout la fois le site de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence sur les distributions Linux, et une mine d\u2019informations pour les curieux qui souhaitent se tenir inform\u00e9s des nouveaut\u00e9s du monde Linux\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/distrowatch.com\/\">https:\/\/distrowatch.com\/<\/a><\/p><p align=\"justify\">Les curieux trouveront un \u00ab\u00a0arbre g\u00e9n\u00e9alogique\u00a0\u00bb des distributions Linux \u00e0 la page <a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1b\/Linux_Distribution_Timeline.svg\">https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1b\/Linux_Distribution_Timeline.svg<\/a>. Ce sch\u00e9ma illustre la dynamique du monde Linux, mais ne doit pas vous effrayer. Les distributions populaires se comptent sur les doigts d\u2019une main (sans compter les variantes d\u2019environnement de bureau) comme vous pourrez le constater en suivant les liens ci-dessus.<\/p><p align=\"justify\">La plupart des distributions populaires peuvent \u00eatre essay\u00e9es avant d\u2019\u00eatre install\u00e9es, en d\u00e9marrant votre ordinateur sur la clef usb pr\u00e9par\u00e9e avec la distribution. (d\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 2000, les distributions proposaient un mode \u00ab\u00a0live CD\u00a0\u00bb) Cela permet de v\u00e9rifier la compatibilit\u00e9 de cette distribution votre mat\u00e9riel et de se faire rapidement une id\u00e9e de l\u2019ergonomie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019environnement de bureau inclus dans cette distribution. Alors, n\u2019h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 essayer plusieurs distributions avant de vous lancer dans une installation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6545dc7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6545dc7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d198e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8d198e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pilotes propri\u00e9taires<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e11b188 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e11b188\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\">Attention, certaines distributions int\u00e8gres exclusivement des logiciels libres (Debian), alors que d\u2019autres autorisent l\u2019int\u00e9gration de logiciels propri\u00e9taires(Ubuntu) , en particulier des pilotes pour certains p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique (imprimantes, scanner\u2026). C\u2019est \u00e0 vous de voir, mais il ne faut pas \u00eatre int\u00e9griste et peut \u00eatre privil\u00e9gier la facilit\u00e9 d\u2019installation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e82ba5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3e82ba5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8da5edb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8da5edb\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1535afd elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1535afd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Installation<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5ac415 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5ac415\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\">Apr\u00e8s avoir choisi (et \u00e9ventuellement essay\u00e9) une distribution, vous allez pouvoir vous lancer dans son installation.<\/p><p align=\"justify\">La proc\u00e9dure d\u2019installation peut varier l\u00e9g\u00e8rement selon la distribution choisie, mais ces \u00e9tapes de base restent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement les m\u00eames.<\/p><ul><li><p align=\"justify\">Red\u00e9marrer l&#8217;ordinateur sur le support d&#8217;installation bootable. Cela peut n\u00e9cessiter de modifier l&#8217;ordre de d\u00e9marrage dans le BIOS.<\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"justify\">Suivre les instructions \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9cran pour installer la distribution Linux. Cela comprend g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement le choix de la langue, du fuseau horaire, du clavier, du partitionnement du disque dur, etc.<\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"justify\">Une fois l&#8217;installation termin\u00e9e, red\u00e9marrer l&#8217;ordinateur pour lancer la nouvelle distribution Linux.<\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"justify\">Configurer ensuite la distribution selon ses besoins (param\u00e8tres, installation de logiciels non inclus dans la distribution, etc&#8230;).<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p align=\"justify\">La documentation officielle de chaque distribution fournit des instructions d\u00e9taill\u00e9es.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb222a4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"cb222a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"580\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/wp.libritheque.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/Install-Party-Linux.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1049\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a24683f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a24683f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8940cdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8940cdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-276478e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"276478e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Partitions et syst\u00e8mes de fichiers<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b9fb4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b9fb4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\">Un disque dur peut \u00eatre divis\u00e9 en plusieurs partitions, qui sont des espaces de stockage distincts. Une partition est une division logique d&#8217;un disque dur, permettant de le s\u00e9parer en plusieurs sections distinctes. Chaque partition est vue par le syst\u00e8me d&#8217;exploitation comme un disque dur s\u00e9par\u00e9.<\/p><p align=\"justify\">Pourquoi partitionner un disque dur ?<\/p><ul><li><p align=\"justify\">Ex\u00e9cuter plusieurs syst\u00e8mes d&#8217;exploitation sur le m\u00eame disque en cr\u00e9ant une partition pour chacun.<\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"justify\">S\u00e9parer les donn\u00e9es des programmes pour \u00e9viter de tout perdre en cas de probl\u00e8me avec le syst\u00e8me d&#8217;exploitation.<\/p><\/li><li><p align=\"justify\">Organiser le stockage de diff\u00e9rents types de donn\u00e9es sur des partitions distinctes.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Partition_(informatique)\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Partition_(informatique)<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99cf432 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"99cf432\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5855739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5855739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dual boot<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cf9d79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2cf9d79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\">Le monde Linux n\u2019\u00e9tant pas un monde captif, il est possible de faire cohabiter Linux avec le syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment install\u00e9 sur votre machine. Ici, quand nous parlons de cohabitation, il s\u2019agit bien entendu d\u2019ex\u00e9cuter ces 2 (ou plus) syst\u00e8mes d\u2019exploitation \u00e0 des moments diff\u00e9rents, le choix se faisant au d\u00e9marrage de l\u2019ordinateur. Cela vous permet d\u2019utiliser quelques programmes dont vous ne pouvez vous passer, mais n\u2019existant pas sous Linux (par exemple mise \u00e0 jour d\u2019un GPS\u2026). Pour utiliser les deux syst\u00e8mes simultan\u00e9ment vous devrez mettre en \u0153uvre une machine virtuelle, mais cela sort du cadre de ce site\u2026 Bien entendu, le double d\u00e9marrage vous permet d\u2019utiliser deux distributions Linux diff\u00e9rentes sur votre ordinateur.<\/p><p align=\"justify\">Cette option vous sera propos\u00e9e au d\u00e9but de l\u2019installation. Le moment venu, lors de l\u2019installation, vous choisirez de formater les diff\u00e9rentes partitions en fonction des acc\u00e8s envisag\u00e9s\u00a0: NTFS pour les donn\u00e9es qui devront \u00eatre accessibles \u00e0 la fois par Windows ET Linux, ext4 pour les partitions dont vous r\u00e9serverez l\u2019usage \u00e0 Linux.<\/p><p align=\"justify\">Toutes les distributions Linux s\u2019appuient sur le logiciel GNU GRUB pour g\u00e9rer le double d\u00e9marrage. Si vous souhaitez en savoir plus sur cet outil incontournable vous pouvez consulter <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNU_GRUB\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/GNU_GRUB<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.linux-console.net\/?p=18232\">https:\/\/fr.linux-console.net\/?p=18232<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75fd59b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"75fd59b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-336488d elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"336488d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Se faire aider... <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79a39e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"79a39e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p align=\"justify\">Peut-\u00eatre ne vous sentez vous pas pr\u00eat pour vous lancer seul dans l\u2019installation d\u2019une distribution de Linux. Rassurez vous, il existe des supports locaux pour vous soutenir. Dans chaque r\u00e9gion, l\u2019AFUL (<a href=\"https:\/\/aful.org\/\">https:\/\/aful.org\/<\/a>) dispose de <b>\u00ab\u00a0GUL\u00a0\u00bb<\/b> (Groupes d&#8217;Utilisateurs de Linux \/ de logiciels libres). En Dr\u00f4me-Ard\u00e8che ce GUL s\u2019appelle G3L et se r\u00e9unit une fois par mois. Vous trouverez la date de la prochaine r\u00e9union est affich\u00e9e sur son site internet (<a href=\"https:\/\/g3l.org\/le_site\/\">https:\/\/g3l.org\/le_site\/<\/a>). Prenez contact avec un GUL et venez avec votre machine\u2026 Ces GUL et d\u2019autres associations organisent de temps \u00e0 autres des <b>\u00ab\u00a0install party\u00a0\u00bb<\/b> au cours desquelles des b\u00e9n\u00e9voles vous assisteront pour installer correctement votre PC.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31810c6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"31810c6\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Choix et installation d\u2019une distribution Linux Qu\u2019est ce qu\u2019une distribution ? Une distribution Linux est un ensemble coh\u00e9rent de logiciels assembl\u00e9 autour du noyau Linux\/GNU et formant un syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation. On parle de \u00abdistribution\u00bb en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au terme anglais \u00absoftware distribution\u00bb (collection de logiciels). Il existe de nombreuses distributions Linux, adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 des publics diff\u00e9rents [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-982","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Choix et installation d\u2019une distribution Linux - La Librith\u00e8que<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wp.libritheque.fr\/choix-et-installation-dune-distribution-linux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Choix et installation d\u2019une distribution Linux - La Librith\u00e8que\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Choix et installation d\u2019une distribution Linux Qu\u2019est ce qu\u2019une distribution ? Une distribution Linux est un ensemble coh\u00e9rent de logiciels assembl\u00e9 autour du noyau Linux\/GNU et formant un syst\u00e8me d\u2019exploitation. On parle de \u00abdistribution\u00bb en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au terme anglais \u00absoftware distribution\u00bb (collection de logiciels). 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